Saturday, December 28, 2019

Othello by William Shakespeare - 532 Words

In the Shakespearean play Othello, Othello kills his wife on the assumption that she was cheating on him. Othello gets this idea from his assistant Iago who wanted to be Othello’s lieutenant but lost the job to a man named Cassio. The entire play revolves around Iago carrying out his revenge on Othello while trying to be named his lieutenant. During the play, the audience sees Iago manipulate the other characters to get what he wants. One of the characters he manipulates is Othello by telling him that his wife is cheating on him and sharing a bed with Cassio. Othello is further tricked by Iago,who gets him to kill his wife and clean up the mess that Iago left. Throughout the play Othello lets himself be manipulated by Iago instead of asking his wife, Desdemona, about whether or not she was cheating on him. Towards the end, he realizes what he has done and that Iago has tricked him by stating, â€Å"Like the base Judean, threw a pearl away richer that all his tribe; of one who subdued eyes† (361; 346-347). The quote is meaning that Othello threw away his greatest treasure because he couldn’t believe what his eyes were telling him. Iago ‘blinds’ Othello so much with his honeyed words that Othello doesn’t realize that he could have just asked his wife. Desdemona even confesses that she can’t believe that some women would cheat on their husbands’ and even says as much. When she reveals this it really shows how innocent she was and how she never would have betrayed Othello.Show MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not knowing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As little as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othello to take extreme measures by the location of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the handkerchiefRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from religion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change to ward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 Pagesthose that which occurred in Othello written by William Shakespeare. Throughout the play Othello, we see the struggles of a marriage that is not accepted by their society. Othello is a extremely cherished black general living in a primarily white community. The play begins with Othello secretly becoming married to a white woman named Desdemona. This reasons others who are white to become angry and excuse to dislike this black man further more than they already do. Othello is a downward spiral from loveRead MoreOthello by William Shakespeare790 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Othello by William Shakespeare, Othello makes numerous poor decisions due to his jealousy. Hitting Desdemona, trusting Iago, and killing Desdemona are among a few of the poor decisions that he makes. The word jealous can be defined as feeling or showing suspicion of som eones unfaithfulness in a relationship. Othello feels suspicious of Desdemona’s and Cassio’s relationship because of the lies that Iago tells him. Many people try to tell Othello the truth but he only believes the wordsRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1923 Words   |  8 Pagesdissatisfaction or complication is shown. Firstly in Othello love is presented as ephemeral and transient while atonement love is presented as unrequited and finally in cat on a hot tin roof love is presented as painful and troublesome due to unreciprocated feelings. The tragic plot of Othello hinges on the potential of the villain, Iago, to deceive other characters, above all Roderigo and Othello, through encouraging them to misinterpret what they see. Othello is prone to Iago s ploys seeing that he himselfRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 Pageswas Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts the tragedy of Othello, a Morris Captain. What is different about Shakespeare play is that the tragic hero is the black Othello and the villain a white Iago. Therefore, Shakespeare depiction of Othello as a tragic character and Iago as a villain, challenges Elizabethan’s stereotypes regarding individuals of African descent. Shakespeare challenges the stereotypical â€Å"type –casting of the black man† in Elizabethan society by depicting Othello asRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomprehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one seesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesprofitable in condition of good and immorality. Othello is presented as good and Iago as evil, but Iago and Othello’s relationship also shares a distrust of their wives. The overall logical argument is based on love, jealousy and betrayal between two lovers that ultimately leads to their separation because of Iago’s evil plan. I am using this article to agree with Berry s view on how Iago separates two lovers just so he can take retaliation on Othello by manipulating everyone to unmasking their trueRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1140 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Othello† is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1603. In this play, Shakespeare features three major characters: Othello, Iago, and Desdemona. Othello, a black man, and Desdemona, a white venetian secretly eloped in the play. Iago shows racism and prejudice towards their relationship because of their skin colors. In the play, Iago says: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a

Friday, December 20, 2019

Personality of Steve Jobs - 2286 Words

Organizational Behavior Personality traits of Steve jobs Submitted to: Submitted by: Mr. A. Srinivasa Rao Vijay chandra – 01 MFM (2012-14) NIFT, Hyderabad Index TOPIC Page An Introduction to Organizational Behavior 3 Personality Concept 4 Personality Theories Trait Theory 5 Psychoanalytic†¦show more content†¦3. An individual’s personality is both inherited as well as shaped by the environment. Our personality is partly genetically inherited from our parents. However, these genetic personality characteristics are altered some-what by life experiences. 4. Each individual is unique in behaviour. There are striking differences among individuals. Thus, personality refers to the sum total of internal and external traits of an individual, which are relatively stable and which make the individual different from others. THEORIES OF PERSONALITY * Trait Theory A personality trait is understood as being an enduring attribute of a person that appears consistently in a variety of situations. A trait differentiates one from another in a relatively permanent or consistent way. A trait of an individual is abstracted from his behavior, and serves as useful ‘unit of analysis’ to understand personality. Trait theory is an improvement over the type theories. The type theories unrealistically attempt to place personality into discrete, discontinuous, categories. The trait theory, on the other hand, gives recognition to the continuity of personalities. The theory has also contributed to personality ratings and factor analysis techniques in behavioral sciences. Big Five Personality Traits The Big Five model is a personality theory that describes personality using five basic traits. Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, andShow MoreRelatedComparing the Personalities and Values of Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak1940 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿How did Jobs early years,  prior to  Apple, influence his view about human nature, work, and assumptions about employees? Please  provide  specific examples that support your answer. Jobs early years,  prior to  Apple influenced his view of life. Concerning human nature, Jobs believed that human being  were  spiritual beings. It is ones responsibility to find the inner spirit, be enlightened to  attain  inner peace this enhanced personal growth. He believed that unless one did this, they would be controlledRead MoreSteve Jobs Big Five Personality Dimension990 Words   |  4 PagesSteve Jobs’ Big Five Personality Dimension 1. Customers don’t know what they want. The controversial start when the Steve Jobs come with this phrase â€Å"We built [the Mac] for ourselves. We were the group of people who were going to judge whether it was great or not. We werent going to go out and do market research† and after more than ten years he come up with this phrase â€Å"A lot of times, people don’t know what they want until you show it to them† which is contradicting to current trend of doingRead MoreSteve Jobs Personality And Attitudes Drove His Success883 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Management in Action case study Steve Jobs Personality Attitudes Drove His Success.† Question 1 Based on the dimension of Big Five personality the first analysis regarding Jobs would be extroversion. According to the textbook, being extorted is having the ability to predict job performance with a firm conviction rather than just being agreeable. Extroversion can be seen regarding making a firm decision, being able to relate to others, being talkative and active in the job environment. Employment,Read MoreWorld Leaders1410 Words   |  6 Pagesto be considered a great world leader, they need to have done something special, something that changed society in a major way. Great leaders are not afraid of change or being shunned by society. When I think of great world leaders, I think of Steve Jobs, Apple, CEO because he was passionate about his work, he was inspiring, and he had a clear vision of where he wanted Apple to go. First, it is important that we discuss what leadership means. According to Weiss (2011), most scholars define leadershipRead MoreLeadership Is An Important Element Of The Management Function Essay983 Words   |  4 Pages1 Steve Jobs CEO, Apple Introduction Leadership is an important element of the management function. Leadership involves ability to integrate human resources and firm’s goals. Different situations may warrant different kinds of leadership. A business leader knows how to motivate people, accomplish goals, and get things done quickly. Leaders act as middlemen between employees and organization s objectives. Leaders reveal attributes of courage, creativity, and entrepreneurial energy. Strong leadersRead MoreWalter Isaacson s Biography Of Steve Jobs Without Feeling As If One Grew Up With Him940 Words   |  4 PagesIsaacson’s biography of Steve Jobs without feeling as if one grew up with him. Many books have been written about the Apple icon, but Walter Isaacson is the only writer with whom Jobs has ever agreed to collaborate. Walter Isaacson explores Jobs’s complex personality, from his childhood to his death in 2011. He highlights how Jobs’s desire for desire for control, passion for design, and perfection affected him as an innovator, father, and husband. Despite his complicated personality and tumultuous relationshipsRead MoreSteve Jobs : The World s Top Selling Phone1208 Words   |  5 Pagesmade the world’s top selling phone?Even though Steve Jobs is not currently alive , his leadership and legacy created Apple and he didn t give up in his technology. I explain Steve Jobs’s early life, who he is,his regretted decision, and his personality. In this paragraph is a explanation about Steve Jobs. Steven Paul Jobs was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California, to Joanne Schieble and Abdulfattah Jandali. After Jobs was placed for adoption, his biological parentsRead MoreLeadership Is An Efficient Process899 Words   |  4 Pagesqualities to the followers/employees. People oriented leadership; it focuses on development and betterment of people. Task oriented leadership; it focuses on the efficient end effective procedures for operations. STEVEN PAUL JOBS I selected a public figure Steven Paul jobs as a leader. He was the co-founder of APPLE. He was a computer designer, and innovator, as well as an example for many people as a good leader and manager in their businesses. AS A LEADER He was a good leader as well as a goodRead MoreInfluential Leaders Of Todays Largest Companies1271 Words   |  6 Pagesand lead its employees. Leaders have different leadership styles often driven by their unique personalities. This paper will examine one of the most innovative and influential leaders of our time, the late Steve Jobs. The paper will examine his leadership style, his greatest success, and his most significant challenge, providing a peek into what made him successful. Steve Jobs the Leader The late Steve Jobs was a transformational leader. He was an enigma that was a creative genius, but a selfish andRead MoreSteve Jobs : The Greatest Inventor And Visionary Who Really Changed The World1318 Words   |  6 Pagesvision dating early back in 1975, Steve jobs. Steve is a great inventor and visionary who really changed the world and shaped it in terms of how efficient we work. Steve Jobs was who he was due to his early life, his position at Apple , and his well-being. Steve jobs was born in San Francisco, California on October 5, 1955, biological parents Joanne Schieble Simpson and Abdulfattah Jandali putting a home up for adoption, Paul and Sarah Jobs taking him in . Steve spent part of his infant years in

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Barriers Facilitators to Engagement and Retention - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Barriers Facilitators to Engagement and Retention. Answer: Introduction: Employee engagement is essential for making the coordination between the employee and employer. It is considered as the work place approach which helps employee to get mingled with right condition to give best in the organization. It is important for the manager to provide entire information about the vision and mission of the company to the employee and get everyone engaged; it would be helpful for the employee engagement. It is the report which will focus on various engagement kinds and barriers of employee engagement in the organization. There are tree kind of engagement is necessary for the organization that is cognitive engagement, emotional engagement and behavioral engagement. Cognitive engagement refers to intensity of mental energy which has been showed by people towards positive organizational outcomes. Emotional engagement defines the personal interaction which binds an individual with the organization for a long time. Behaviour of each individual in the organization is ke eping importance it is not just because it makes feel good but because it is adaptive (Haski?Leventhal, 2013). Behaviour engagement connects more employees in the team and enhances the coordination among employees. It has been analyzed that there are five common employee engagement barriers which may affect the organization that is unclear understanding among employees, bureaucratic work rules, improper work life balance, employee cynicism and capricious management practices. There is some associate in the organization who is engaged with job satisfaction and morale. It is important for the organization to appreciate them about what they do. Another barrier is cynicism which refers to cynical between management and employee (Breevaart, Bakker, Hetland, Demerouti, Olsen, Espevik, 2014). The view of this barrier is negative; espousing a view that employee of the organization is motivated selfishly and acts in life to fulfill their demands only. In fact, a true cynic would not observe the genuine effort, but rather as the latest trick of management to get more workers to work harder for no reason. Lack of work life balance is fourth barrier to engagement. Some organization wants from employee tha t they give priority organization in comparison of personal life. In the organization employees are appreciated but in the case of employee engagement it is the barrier which exists in the organization. Due to weak economic condition, many employees prefer to do work more to get extra income. It would become the fear in the mind of the employees that if they deny doing extra work, they would be next victim of downsizing. Poor management decisions are barrier of employee engagement. They make decisions but due to changing in mind, the nature of decision is not stable. Another barrier of employee engagement is bureaucracy which is common in other organization as well. It has the potential to be another engagement barrier due to in bureaucratic organization (Anitha, 2014). It refers to strict rules and procedures must be followed by employee at any condition. Due to this employee of the organization may lose their hope and the productivity of the employee may get reduced. They have no other option instead of doing hard work. They have to wait for long time for getting approval of their request. The survey has been conducted on the employee engagement ad the result drawn that only cognitive engagement got good score and emotional engagement is lower. In second survey it can be seen that job satisfaction is required in the organization because due to lack of fun activity and motivation, employee do not want to go office (Carmeli, Dutton Hardin, 2015). The employee engagement barriers have great influence on employee engagement. Employee of the organization may get hopeless and the issue on unnecessary topic may be able to be the reason of conflict. Employment issues generally arise when company reach around 50 staff. Poor behaviour of management can be the issue of employee engagement and the employee get influenced badly due to over burdened and inappropriate style of working. Misunderstanding among employees can take place in the organization due to lack of effectiveness in the communication. It may origin when one employee does not want to do work and share wrong information to the other person or the manager has not clear understanding about the vision and mission of the organization (Chathoth, Ungson, Altinay, Chan, Harrington, Okumus, 2014). The impact of barrier of bureaucracy on the employee can be adversely and the potential activity may get hampered if employee of the organization do work with fear and do mistakes regul arly. These barriers do not look the correlation between engaged employee and customers that is why it is necessary for the organization to have look on five Is of employee engagement. These Is contains inform, inspire, interact, involve and incent. Clear information is required for employee engagement otherwise it can bring the environment of lack of understanding and huge work environment may get influenced. It is essential to connect employee with the mission and vision of the company in positive manner. The origin of the barrier to employee engagement is due to work life balance. Work life balance is necessary for the business if employee does not give time to their family appropriately, it may bring the situation of irritation on work and employee can switch their job. It is required for the company to focus on providing training and development program and teach them that how to handle work within official time. It is essential for take action with employees in order to improve the condition and service of products and services (Breevaart, Bakker Demerouti, 2014). Cynics barrier bring the negative thinking in the mind of an employee and they start to think that employer and the organization want only their profit by avoiding the need of an employee. It creates the negativity in the working environment. In third survey, it has been observed that the contextual ambidexterity is 5.8 which are higher. Contextual ambidexterity refers to the ability of an organizational to concurrently arrange explorative and exploitative New Product Development (NPD) because to fulfill the need of coordination and integration to build the value. It defines that the skills of the employee are more generalists and the role of them are relatively flexible (Sevelius, Patouhas, Keatley Johnson, 2014). References Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International journal of productivity and performance management. Breevaart, K., Bakker, A., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O. K., Espevik, R. (2014). Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement.Journal of occupational and organizational psychology,87(1), 138-157. Carmeli, A., Dutton, J. E., Hardin, A. E. (2015). Respect as an engine for new ideas: Linking respectful engagement, relational information processing and creativity among employees and teams.human relations,68(6), 1021-1047. Breevaart, K., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E. (2014). Daily self-management and employee work engagement.Journal of Vocational Behavior,84(1), 31-38. Chathoth, P. K., Ungson, G. R., Altinay, L., Chan, E. S., Harrington, R., Okumus, F. (2014). Barriers affecting organisational adoption of higher order customer engagement in tourism service interactions.Tourism Management,42, 181-193. Sevelius, J. M., Patouhas, E., Keatley, J. G., Johnson, M. O. (2014). Barriers and facilitators to engagement and retention in care among transgender women living with human immunodeficiency virus.Annals of Behavioral Medicine,47(1), 5-16. Haski?Leventhal, D. (2013). Employee engagement in CSR: The case of payroll giving in Australia.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,20(2), 113-128.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Pointless aspects of music Essay Example For Students

Pointless aspects of music Essay It was therefore believed that the temperament could be affected by composing pieces of music in the suitable mode (e.g. the Hypodorian mode was believed to have the ability to weaken the phlegmatic humour, as signified by the -P), and it can be assumed that by censoring music appropriately, a balance in the humours was what Plato hoped to achieve. As Plato goes on to say at 518d, Thats what education should bethe art of orientation. Educators should devise the simplest and most effective methods of turning minds around. It shouldnt be the art of implanting sight in the organ, but should proceed on the understanding that the organ already has the capacity, but is improperly aligned and isnt facing the right way. The mind must be realigned, then, not just by proper musical education but also by gymnastic and mathematical education, working in conjunction with one another in order to produce noble citizens. There are problems here as well, though: Plato acknowledged that while there is a perfection in mathematics that cannot be paralleled in this world, and while he duly consulted Pythagorean theory (530e), he also realised that there were irrationalities present which (in the context of Greek mathematical advancement) couldnt be reconciled10. In particular, the Greeks were deeply disturbed by the problem of infinities and wanted to ensure that youths did not become caught up about learning any pointless aspects of musicDont you realise that people get music wrong too? They laboriously measure the interrelations between audible concords and soundssome of them claim to be able to detect a further intermediate resonance and maintain that theyve found the smallest possible interval (531a-c). In this derision of meticulous picking apart of musical mathematics, though, Plato contradicts himself yet again, for in the Timaeus particularly he spends a great deal of time on how the Demiurge mathematically constructs the diatonic scale, the range of which has been fixed by mathematical and physical considerations.  However, Platos focus throughout all of this is the nature of the soul. He does, it is true, commence the illustration of the diatonic scale by using the tetractys11 (arithmetical progression 1, 2, 3, 4, which adds up to the perfect number, 10). It contains the numbers forming the ratios of perfect consonances (2:1, octave; 4:3, fourth; 3:2, fifth) and the Demiurge completes the sequence by inserting harmonic and arithmetic means between the numbers we already have (the double and triple intervals), the result of which is shown in Appendix A. However, in the progressions 1, 2, 4, 8 and 1, 3, 9, 27, he stops at 27 (three cubed) not so much for mathematical reasons but more because the cube represents the body in three dimensions. This suggests that the focus ought to be on the effects that are created by the approved forms rather than on their mechanics, despite the importance of mathematical education being emphasised by Plato throughout the Republic. This emphasis on effects (and perhaps more importantly, these effects when put together) is further denoted by the use of the term   (muse-ish), particularly in the Alcibiades (1.108c-d), where the answer to the question what is manifests itself as harp-playing, singing, and moving properly. Plato also in the Laws uses   to refer to the bodily expression of rhythm (thus supplementing the definition given in the Alcibiades), suggesting that music affects the body and the soul. In order for the pupils to feel these effects, and go some way to understanding them, thorough teaching (both physical and dialectic) is required the merits of dialectic teaching in particular are discussed at length in the Republic from 531e onwards. The technology impacts on music industry EssayThe fluctuating nature and sometimes-contradictory moments of the music education as described in the Republic can mean that to an extent, the intentions of those hypothesising about this imaginary state can be unclear. However, a certain amount can be deduced. The system entails the highest quality of teaching to the most deserving of citizens, in order to create a noble, sophisticated and highly intelligent race of people, whether this be physical, dialectic, or purely conveyed on the basis of imitation. In censoring music and the way it is taught (and other forms of media, for that matter), it is hoped that this will condition the minds of the people in order to trigger the effects detailed above. To deduce the aims of the Republic (even if we use the system of music education as some sort of microcosm) is more elusive, since its aims and objectives are a little ambiguous (i.e., is the text political, psychological or something else?). However, what can be said almost certainly is that the system was never intended to be realistically implemented and is certainly not a government manifesto of radical change; therefore discussion of what it is hoped would be achieved by the censorship and direction of musical education is perhaps a moot point, since as a hypothetical text it can engineer very little in the way of physical change, no matter how much peoples minds are changed by it. In terms of the system of music education, though, we can be a little more conclusive. The lack of resemblance of Ancient Greek music to Western music means that Platos aims can be difficult for the modern reader to comprehend. The language and music must be dealt with together in a way that cannot be achieved in Western arts (Georgiades 69)17. Consequently, Platos fusion of his approaches to censorship of language and of music (i.e., working with the two forms of performance together rather than separately) is probably the clearest and most realistic vision painted of achieving the desired result of a perfect community. It is plain how the idea of creating this community came about, more so if the Allegory of the Cave is put into a 21st-century context18: if a person is tied to the settee, and their only view of the outside world is through media (perhaps more specifically, the television), it becomes clear that those images and myths are more than powerful enough to shape our picture of ourselves and the world. Plays and public oratory were the media and propaganda of Platos day, and painting, statuary and music often served similar ends. However one assesses the Republics solution to the problem, and whatever kind of text it is, this is one of the problems that elicited his suggestion of such harsh bowdlerisation of the arts he so clearly adored and had been schooled in. The resolution may not appeal, but the problem almost certainly exists.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Arguments about God Essays

Arguments about God Essays Arguments about God Essay Arguments about God Essay Essay Topic: Arguments In this RS coursework, I intend to write about the Christian arguments concerning god. In the first part I will describe some of the main arguments Christians put forward about their belief in God.In the second part I will explain some of the difficulties in trying to describe God, for example what gender should we use while describing him.The third part will contain a debate as to whether god exists, and if he does then whether or not we should be able to prove it. I will accomplish these tasks using different points of view, mine included.Part one: the main arguments Christians put forward about their belief in God.a) First beliefs picked up from the beliefs of parentsFirst beliefs are often taught to children from their parents, young children often assume everything their parents say is right, even if it contradicts reality, for example Father Christmas. Those who grew up in a Christian family are likely to have Christian beliefs, just as those brought up in a Hindu family are likely to have Hindu beliefs. This is because Children have no experience of the world and actuality itself; therefore they have no capability to question their parents. The beliefs of God, are often enforced through bedtime reading of the bible, or in the case of hell, told as a true horror story; purposely to scare children into believing. These beliefs, children simply accept until they get older, when they begin to question their parents and challenge them. Thus a childs belief as to whether or not God exists is influenced from the start of its life from its family and social experience.Questions about the existence of God in late childhood and when you are an adultThere are many questions human beings ask at some point in their life: the mysteries of the universe, mainly revolving around one thing, God. These questions have no specific answers and can be dwelled on for years before actually making sense, but there have been many arguments and beliefs peopl e of the past have thought and written about. Only a few of these questions are:Question 1 -How has anything come to exist rather than nothing?If in the beginning there was nothing, what was the reason for the universe to be created? For what reason did it go to all the bother of creating it/itself.The answers to this perplexing question are the arguments of St Thomas Aquinas; he was a 13th century philosopher who argued many of his beliefs. One of which was that God was the first uncaused cause. In other words; he believed in the non-believers argument of the big bang, (a huge explosion) but he sustained that something had to be behind the big bang; a will for the universe to exist; God. And thats why something came out of nothing, instead of remaining nothing.Question 2 -How has the cosmos come to be so well designed and some features purposeful?This question means how come the universe and everything in it is so well designed for its living environment? For example, evolution.Wil liam Paley imposed his idea. His example was a watch, if someone found a watch he wouldnt simply assume it had evolved, it had to have a maker the clock maker; but in the universes case, God.Similarly, the watches are often flawed; they will break eventually due to age. This is due to the flaws of the design and therefore its makers, in other words the thing that is made reflects its good and bad attributes to its maker. We can see in wildlife and ourselves how each is designed to fit its purpose magnificently. Hence their maker must also be magnificent. The answer to these questions is perfectly clear; the cosmos has come to be so well designed because of God. Simple creatures that cannot think for themselves are so perfectly adapted to their environment, they appear to be almost designed to be that way. They have no knowledge, they are constantly being guided by a higher entity, which has the spirit and thoughts they dont. If you look around outside, you would be able to see how well things seem to fit together, almost as though the world has been synchronized to the highest and most complex way.Being impossible for us humans to control creatures and scenery to this extent, we must look to a higher existence, God.However, a slight controversy to this would be, many creatures in todays world are under risk because theyre not well designed for the environment they live in. Among the animal kingdom, the cruel rule is survival of the fittest where some animals are blatantly less well designed than others are. This indicates that the universe is as a result of random chance, not clever design. And then it spirals back to the question of whether we have a malevolent or incompetent God. Then again, this point of view is flawed because if the animal kingdom were all balanced equally, none of the species would survive. This is because carnivores need to be able to catch their food, so they would have to be better than their prey wouldnt they? Besides the world cant be completely unbalanced in a bad way because then the food chain would spiral out of control.Question 3 -How did organic life come to be in the universe?How did everything natural still alive or extinct end up becoming a part of the universe.Everything in this world has a purpose. Without all the organic life on this world there would be no world, just a lifeless, insignificant piece of rock in the middle of a huge universe. Christians believe in the seven day theory where God created every organic life form within 7 days, (genesis) however these beliefs may not always be taken literally as there is significant evidence that the world must have taken millions of years to create. The world would appear to have started off full of bacteria and minerals and rocks, that is all.Then after an immense amount of time humans, plants and animals eventually were created. All this is absolutely extraordinary, because life requires a parent, or a life giver. Monkeys give birth to monkeys, zebra s give birth to zebras but who was there before there were any of these species? Who and how where they made? This is where the belief of the existence of God is important. Belief in God provides a clear explanation for a seemingly unclear event, for example, like how was the earth created? God was the original cause according to the bible, St Thomas Aquinas and many Christians today.Question 4 -How has intelligent thought emerged, enabling us to ask these questions?This uncertainty demonstrates that we are able to think freely, whereas other creatures cant and where did this originate from?The answer from Christians lies in the bible. It states in the second creation story that God gave us free will, because he didnt want little slaves following him round everywhere, doing exactly as he pleased, and not having a life for themselves. However, he didnt want us to disobey him either. He created us in his image, and he had a thinking mind, so he allowed us one too. Only to have us betr ay him. Consequently he banished us from the Garden of Eden.We ask these questions because we are a certain people, we dont like mysteries, they have to be solved. Some people spend their whole lives trying to figure out the worlds secrets and then it even passes on to their offspring. We are obsessed with logic. But logic has not solved all these questions for thousands of years!So what use is logic, we still dont actually know whether God exists, whether its the God from Christianity or Hinduism etc. But people believe it and so to them it is real. God is a simple way out of a difficult question like so many other things in todays life. For example aliens ghosts and the supernatural etc. In fact, belief in God can provide a simple explanation of things, events etcQuestion 6 -How is it we recognised awe and the numinous in a sunset, beauty and music, etc?How come we can acknowledge the supernatural in a sunset etc?The solution is that in fact not many of us often do realize the bea utiful and supernatural things in life, such as a sunset. However Christians often do as they appreciate everything in the world and to be Gods will and work. The world and solar system is all pretty amazing, many of us just never have enough time to simply think about all the marvellous things, that we take for granted everyday of our lives. For example the force that allows planets to orbit around the sun and never bump into each other, rotating the moon and the sun depending on night or day. The world is rather beautiful even in the simplest things. We sometimes recognize it and when we do, it gives us an understanding that there is something out there, making all this happen. This thing has so much power that it stuns us with awe at the thought of it, theres not a lot more powerful than humans so when something stronger strikes us its rather breathtaking to think about.Question 7 -How do we come to recognise the need for rules and morality?Why do we have rules and principles? Ho w did we comprehend it? We are a logical people who like order and clear explanations of events.The answer is there must be someone watching over us, an ethical lawgiver. Christians believe this is God and in the bible it explains the 10 commandments, which allow us to enter the kingdom of heaven when we die, but only if we follow them. There also always needs to be rules in society, or bad events will follow. Christians believe this is God testing us and these bad events are punishments. So as not to anger God again we inaugurate rules so it never happens again. This argument is called the moral argument.Question 8 -How is it we recognise the value of love e.g. from parents, friends etcWe often interrogate our understanding of love and how we can recognize it.The first love ever, to Christians was when God created humans he loved us dearly and still does. When Adam and Eve betrayed him and he banished them from the garden, he made clothes for them, to hide their nudity, which they where ashamed of. God was angry, but the clothes were symbols of his love for us. Nowadays, we recognize love as a feeling of affection towards someone. Whether theyre a friend, relation, lover or even an animal. Behind love there is an entity telling us that love is good and we feel warm inside when were around people we love. Christians believe this is a reward, and love is good.Personal experience of believers in GodSome people claim to have had a personal experience of God; sometimes such experiences can turn atheists into Christians or Christians into deeper Christians. A few examples of what a personal experience could be:* The feeling of wonder and peace, Christians get when they enter a holy building or somewhere significant to God.* Another experience is conversion this is where someone normally (not necessarily a Christian) gives her/his life to God and preaches about the Christian faith, whereas before he was just an ordinary guy.* An additional experience could be miracl es. Miracles are where something contradicts normality, with the only explanation of it being God. Like when someone is almost sure to die and then miraculously recover. Another type of miracle could be when Christians pray, and their prayers are answered. Miracles are powerful to believers in God as the cause and effect can be related in a short time period.* One more experience could be of actually seeing the God, and sensing his presence. This could happen in a near death experience, or from a flat liner brought back by the hospital staff. It could also happen through dreams or trances, these are called mystical experiencesThese experiences are often extremely hard to explain, almost as if the human language isnt enough to describe the extremity of the emotions involved. It also seems to be unique to each viewer so no one else understands. Often the onlooker describes the experience as a window to another, better world.Everyday experiences evoke ideas of GodWe experience God ever yday of our lives, whether or not we have enough time to even embrace the thought of how beautiful everything around us is. We can see Gods work in everything organic, we can smell it, touch it, hear it, and taste it. You can sense the supernatural when day changes into night and the moon and Sun swap. The sun doesnt set and rise of its own accord; the earth doesnt spin of its own accord. They are constantly upheld by God to never stop spinning and never bash into each other. There is always a day after a night and always a night after a day. Always birds singing harmoniously in the morning, do we not groan and wish some one would shoot them, shouldnt we take their song to be a compliment; exquisite life lives below our windowsill? And what about all the risks we take everyday, adults drive cars, children take buses, we cross roads, drink alcohol and there are so many other risks we take every single day. If you thought about it, doesnt it make you feel as if youre being watched ove r? Christians are thankful for those singing birds, thankful that their last cigarette didnt kill them, thankful to God for keeping their families safe for at least that one last day. Dont we take all this for granted?We thank God for our daily bread, For what we are about to receive may the Lord make us truly thankful.Crises in life, which provoke deep questions about GodIts all very well we appreciate the birds and the trees, but what about when a crises happens? Many Christians are forced to question their faith, question whether their whole lives worshipping God have been worthwhile or just completely time-consuming and pointless. A few examples of this are:* Illness* Death of family members or of loved ones* Divorce* Suffering* Depression* Rape* Struck by lightning* Car accidentsIf God looks after his believers how come he lets these bad things happen to us?Reinforced by millions of other similar believers of GodAs well as many other things that influence Christianity, Christia nity is the number 1 religion in the entire world, so there are absolutely millions of believers of God, Christians can connect with and be further influenced, to continue their religion and stand up for it until the bitter end. Christians regard their Christian friends as their family, their church as their second home. They share such friendly love for their family and true Christians go to church for fun, meetings and a little miracle that happens when they enter the church; a rush of love for God, and the friendship (fellowship) of man (people).Part two: Difficulties in trying to describe GodTraditional theological words associate unique features to GodIn Genesis it states that God created us in his own image, yet we cannot do half the things he can. For example there are many theological words associated with God, these are omniscient, which means he knows everything, what has happened to us, what will happen to us, who is important to us, what were thinking etc. However, it al so states in the bible that we have free will. If God knows whats going to happen to us, isnt that controlling us?Another word would be omnipotent, this means he can do everything but if he could do anything then he should be able to create a rock that he couldnt lift? This is logically contradictory, like so many other things that contradict each other in the bible.Another word would be omnipresent, this means he is present everywhere including every evil situation, but if this is so how can we trap a bit of God in a box?Another word for God and his apparent super-human attributes is Omni benevolent. But this is also flawed because if he was benevolent he would be incompetent; if he is competent he would be malevolent. This is because of all the suffering in the world, if hes so benevolent, why doesnt he stop it? Isnt he supposed to be omnipotent? If he is omnipotent then he must not want to stop it, which means hes not omni benevolent. What about the holocaust what are Gods reason s for not stopping it? However, it also states in the bible humans have free will, perhaps in the example of the holocaust, it was Hitlers will that the holocaust happened. So God didnt mess with Hitlers decision, until Hitler died that is. But this must have been very difficult for thousands of Jews to accept.Like humans but beyond human lifeGod is said to be like humans, but he is so much beyond human life that we simply cannot describe him in our human language. All we can say is he is completely beyond and utterly superior to the world, after all he did create it according to the bible. In fact, humans have so many different points of view of how God is, they all become entangled and confused. Brian Davies, a Philosopher of Religion in Philosophy of Religion, 2000 wrote:The word God has been understood in different ways. So you should not assume thatdiscussions as to what God is are always proceeding on a set of shared assumptionsGod is traditionally pictured as a man could he n ot be also seen as a woman? God also sometimes pictured as a ray of sunshine, or a personHuman words not enoughIn the bible, because of the language barrier of describing God, the writers can only use metaphors, symbols and analogies. A word symbol example famously used in the bible would be The Lord is my shepherd Psalm 23.1. Such stories made sense when most story telling was by word of mouth, with few people able to read. Also most people, until recent times, had little education or ability to read and write. So symbols are bigger than signs because they go beyond basic facts. However, symbols should not be interpreted factually or literally. That is why the bible is sometimes so misinterpreted, it is full of symbols, and often the reader takes those symbols literally or takes non-symbols as symbols.Since we only have the simple human languages, we cannot talk about an entity beyond humanity, so instead we use analogies for example God loves you where Gods love analogous with hum an love.Ontology: a description that leads to an argument for existence (part a)Anslem was the Arch Bishop of Canterbury in 1033 and he came up with the prospect of ontology. He based his argument on the prayer Proslogion, which uses this definition; The Ontological definition the language of perfect and full existence God is that than which nothing greater can be conceived Proslogion 1078.Anslem believed that with God there must always be existence, just as with a 3-sided triangle there must always be 3 angles. To be a triangle this is necessary, to be God this is necessary. God cannot not exist because he is the greatest possible conceivable entity. In other words, God is not the greatest conceivable entity that exists but is the greatest conceivable entity.The different between existing in reality and existing in imagination is that existing in reality is stronger. If the strongest entity ever existed in the imagination then an entity just like it would have to live in reality, therefore being better than the entity in the imagination, so the entity in the imagination couldnt be God, as God would have to be existing to be the greatest conceivable entity.God cant be made or destroyed because he is the perfection of everything, including existence. So Gods existence is unlimited, Gods non-existence is impossible. From this the concept of immortal also follows.Part 3: A debate as to whether God exists and if he did, whether or not we should be able to prove it.From arguments in part 1 summarise their strengths and weaknessesThe arguments about whether God really exists:1. The moral argument, we have so many laws in todays life there simply must be some kind of law giver at the start. If a random moral law just existed on its own, (which is actually impossible) there would be no moral foundation for people to believe in it. It may exist, but if there is no reason for it to then why should anyone follow it? Laws exist because someone wrote them, however the la ws are equal for everyone so the lawgiver must be absolutely good. Who is absolutely good? No one apart from God himself.2. The teleological argument, this is the argument of St Thomas Aquinas; He believed God was the first uncaused cause. The strengths of this argument are that as well as his own beliefs he accepts the scientific ones as well, e.g. the big bang. His argument also dates back from Plato and Aristotles unmoved mover, perhaps even before. This means the argument has a pretty solid origin. At first his first uncaused cause argument looks reasonably sturdy but do they actually prove God? We could argue against the first uncaused cause theory by questioning the fact that God is the first uncaused cause, why couldnt it simply be the universe or the big bang? In other words cant the universe of created itself instead of creating an entirely new entity? This surely makes more sense. And besides all this, what makes the first necessary cause God? It could quite easily be some thing else, in no way whatsoever must it be God or anything to do with Christianity or the bible.3. The cosmological argument, why there is something rather than nothing, why theres a universe, why did it go to all the bother. The best explanation is that we have an omnipotent God who created it. God created it and thats that. However, there are many objections to this argument. The first doubt is how this possibility matches the Principle of Sufficient Reason. This states that everything ever existing has a reason. However this is not clear, because if everything exists for a reason, and God is self-caused then we have a logical contradiction. However, this rule may not apply to God but only things existing in the universe, maybe it only applies to important things like the universe. I think its fair to say the universe does need an explanation, and the answer to that explanation is God.From language in part 2 is it possible for humans to give a conclusive answerDue to the limitati ons of the written word and language cannot give a conclusive answer nor deal fully with the possibility of God. Arguments in English probably can never be fully solved anyway because if one person actually figured out the answer to all the riddles and firmly knew it was true, either theyd never convince everyone else, or it would be too complex to actually put into words. Many of the spiritual, or religious experiences can be felt or experienced, but are really hard to think through and put down in words.So language is limited in its ability to give and explain a conclusive answer. Many new words were created (e.g. ontology, omnipotent) to try to describe feelings or spiritual things.Verification/FalsificationTrue Christians cannot easily be persuaded to change their viewpoints on their belief.John Hick the road, is a parable, and like all parables has narrow limitations. It only makes one point, which is in Christian life, they will always believe in God, and whatever happens the y will end up in either heaven or hell. The atheist protests however that this doesnt prove God exists. The road explains this point in a context of two people walking down a road, one a Christian one an atheist, the road resembled their life and they walked their journey in a separate frame of mind from each other, the atheist not understanding what will happen to him at the end of the road, the Christian knowing he will probably go to heaven, but perhaps hell.This parable explains to us that at some point during our life, we make a choice. Whether to be a Christian and follow the path God has laid out for them, or to be an atheist or a member of any other religion, unknowing what will happen. To be a Christian is to believe the bible, it would be almost impossible to convince him/her otherwise, but Christians simply believing in something, doesnt make the atheist believe it too.Basil Mitchells The Stranger is an allegory about a man and a stranger. The man meets the stranger once in intimacy and from then onwards completely trusts him and believes him to be right. No matter what people said against this stranger, the man kept believing. Though questions arouse about the strangers purpose, the man never questioned his friend. This story is like a Christians faith. From the first time they understand about God and love him, they never question their faith, no matter what anyone says. They believe it and no one can change that, the only way possible is if they think Gods betrayed them, but this rarely happens and often Christians return to their faith after theyve calmed down. This parable deeply shows the amount of passion Christians show for their religion. When theyre faced with a question they dont answer it, when something good happens they thank the lord, when something bad happens they believe God knows best.John Wisdoms The Garden is a very simple story with a great meaning behind it. The story basically consists of two people who walk into an untended garden, the first person sees the weeds the negative effects but the second person puts his belief forward and sees all the positive things about the garden, for example there could be a line of daffodils or something that would seem to suggest to him a hidden gardener had come and tended the garden. The moral of this story is that Christians believe everything happens for a reason, they look at life in a positive way because they know God is always watching over them, when something bad happens they take it as a warning.For example if a Christian was seated on a wooden chair, which had slowly been eaten away by termites for months, and finally the chair broke, while this Christian was sitting on it. The Christian would take it as a punishment from God for not clearing those termites, he would be positive about his fall and think of it as a sign from God that he should do something, whereas an atheist would simply curse and take falling off his chair as simple bad luck and possibly clear the termites. This is why you often see a lot of old ladies going back to Christianity, Christians way of life gives them hope if theyve lost their partners or something else terrible has happened to them.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

The Problem with Taking Too Many Vitamins essays

The Problem with Taking Too Many Vitamins essays One of my friends is taking mega-doses of vitamin A, C, B-6, and E because she thinks they help her stay healthy. I had her sit down with me, so that I could explain to her more about the vitamins she is taking. I told her about the good things each vitamin does how she can get these vitamins other ways and what happens when taking mega doses. I started with vitamin A and told her that the dosage requirement each day is 700 mcg. Vitamin A can multitask; it has numerous functions in the body. All the cells in the body need vitamin A to develop and function properly. Normal bone growth and development, and even the eyes use this vitamin. It is very important to have this in her body, but she needs to be careful how much she puts in. There are easy ways of getting vitamin A in her body without having to take a supplement. I mentioned that animal foods such as liver, butter, fish, fish oils and eggs are good sources. There are even the foods that are fortified with the vitamin during processing. And for the rich sources of beta-carotene she could eat carrots, spinach, pumpkin, sweet potatoes and other varietys that are dark in color. Finally, I told her how I was concerned that she could be taking too much. If taking more than 3000 mcg a day, then her liver could be damaged because this is the main site for the vitamin storage. I told her to watch for any signs if she continues to keep taking large amounts. Those signs would be; headache, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, hair loss, bone pain, and bone fractures. Vitamin C is only needed in small amounts. The RDA is at 75 mg a day for us women. Vitamin C performs a variety of important cellular functions, primarily by donating electrons to other compounds. It also participates in reactions that form and maintain collagen, plays a role in the bodys immune function, and the vitamin is necessary for the synthesis of bile and certain neurotransmitters. Also it is invol...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Entreprenuership (course) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Entreprenuership (course) - Essay Example Furthermore, with the improvement of technology and increasing competition caused due to economic liberalization and globalization, the assumption which holds that fostering entrepreneurship will enhance a country’s competitiveness seems to be valid like never before. According to Shane and Venkatraman (2000), entrepreneurship is an act of being an entrepreneur or one, who discovers, exploits, and assesses the opportunities of developing new products or services, innovative production process, new strategies or exploring new markets. Often, entrepreneurship is discussed under the entrepreneurial functions, entrepreneurial factors, entrepreneurial behaviour and entrepreneurial initiatives. Friijs, Paulsson and Karlsson (2002), stated that entrepreneurship mainly relates with the functional activities which include innovation, coordination, capital supply, uncertainty bearing, making decision and allocation of resources. Entrepreneurs have always been the strong contributor in most of the theories related with distribution, production and growth. The role of entrepreneurs in driving the economic growth of a country can be best described with the help of theory of long waves by Joseph Schumpeter. According to Schumpeter (1942), "Everyone is an entrepreneur when he actually carries out new combinations". Finding out new combinations pertaining to the factors of production can be cited as the entrepreneurial discovery that ultimately becomes the fuel of economic development. According to the author, the new combinations are better approaches to fulfil customer needs, developing new products and creative destruction to some extent. Now based on the notion of creative destruction, the theory of long waves (regarding the economic growth and business cycles) has been formulated. The theory states that a business cycle comprises of creation of new products and services along with the implementation of new s trategies. These phenomenons ultimately lead towards the